World IPv6 Launch Measurements

The Internet Society has posted their latest IPv6 measurements (December 12th 2013). Read the section titled "Notes on network operator measurements" to understand how the measurements are being made and which content providers (Google, Facebook, Yahoo!, Akamai) are providing the data.

I've pulled out some of the data, and put together ranked (top 100) lists of networks by two measures: (1) percentage of requests that used IPv6, and (2) total volume of IPv6 requests. As I've done a few times in the past, I'm going to continue periodically writing these entries to have a snapshots in time of IPv6 deployment progress.

Many networks are posting some pretty impressive numbers for IPv6 usage. For the leading network in the %v6 category (the 1st list below), TOP-IX Consortium, an Italian Internet Exchange point has 86% of their requests to the participating content providers using IPv6! Several universities in the US R&E community are doing well too, Gustavus Adolphus College at 74%, Virginia Tech at 62%, University of New Hampshire at 51% among them. The University of Pennsylvania (my own institution) is posting a respectable 40% - we'll have IPv6 fully deployed on our wireless network in early 2014, at which time our numbers should go up substantially. There's an interesting story about why Penn hasn't had IPv6 on its wireless network for so long - I'm planning to write a separate article on that topic in the near future.

In the total volume category (the 2nd list below) Comcast now leads. John Brzozowski, Comcast's chief IPv6 architect, has written a more detailed article on their leadership position in IPv6 deployment. They are followed by several other ISPs: AT&T (US), KDDI (Japan), Free (France), Verizon Wireless, (US) Deutsche Telekom (Germany), RCS & RDS (Romania), Time Warner Cable (US).


World IPv6 Launch Measurements, by % IPv6 requests:
---------------------------------------------------

   1 TOP-IX Consortium    86.27%
   2 Fundacao Parque Tecnologico Itaipu - Brasil    79.65%
   3 DirectVPS         77.66%
   4 ThaiSarn         76.62%
   5 Gustavus Adolphus College   17234    74.17%
   6 Google Fiber      70.22%
   7 Universidad Panamericana    13679    66.84%
   8 mur.at - Verein zur Frderung von Netzkwerkkunst    66.73%
   9 interscholz Internet Services GmbH & Co. KG     66.20%
  10 Virginia Tech     61.69%
  11 Trunk Networks Limited     56.99%
  12 Association tetaneutral.net    56.41%
  13 DegNet GmbH     51.91%
  14 Ponto de PresenC'a da RNP na Bahia     51.75%
  15 Critical Colocation   51.38%
  16 Jiri strohalm    51.29%
  17 SPAWAR     51.12%
  18 ITsjefen AS     51.08%
  19 SuperInternet Access Pte Ltd     50.88%
  20 University of New Hampshire     50.57%
  21 AIMES Grid Services CIC     50.38%
  22 Region 7 ESC     50.27%
  23 PREGINET 50.24%
  24 Maxiweb Internet Provider    50.20%
  25 CICA/Junta de AndalucC-a    50.04%
  26 DreamHost    49.41%
  27 Alhambra Eidos    49.32%
  28 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)    48.85%
  29 Sauk Valley Community College     46.13%
  30 University of Minnesota           45.87%
  31 Marist College     45.83%
  32 AMS-IX     44.09%
  33 University of Iowa     42.90%
  34 Kasetsart University     41.31%
  35 Verizon Wireless     40.40%
  36 University of Pennsylvania     40.06%
  37 Bulgaria NREN     38.74%
  38 guifi.net     38.69%
  39 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute    37.91%
  40 Louisiana State University     35.74%
  41 Leibniz Supercomputing Centre     35.17%
  42 Netwerkvereniging Coloclue     32.66%
  43 Free       31.03%
  44 UNESP       30.15%
  45 NetAssist       29.72%
  46 ARNES       28.98%
  47 Tulane University     28.88%
  48 Utility Line Italia srl     28.19%
  49 Host Virtual, Inc     27.79%
  50 Hughes Network Systems     27.28%
  51 FCCN   26.96%
  52 UFSCar     26.36%
  53 VOO     25.94%
  54 Opera Software ASA     25.69%
  55 Greek Research & Technology Network    24.94%
  56 UNINETT        24.58%
  57 LENTEL         23.48%
  58 Chubu Telecommunications    22.76%
  59 RCS & RDS     22.01%
  60 mc.net     20.20%
  61 Comcast    20.15%
  62 Monash University     19.82%
  63 Swisscom     19.64%
  64 UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Brazil    19.25%
  65 XS4ALL 18.52%
  66 AAISP  18.13%
  67 SIDN   17.11%
  68 EPT Luxembourg    16.72%
  69 manitu GmbH    15.88%
  70 VentraIP Group (Australia) Pty Ltd    15.73%
  71 LITNET   15.09%
  72 Hurricane Electric    14.88%
  73 ATT     14.82%
  74 NIIF/Hungarnet    14.43%
  75 Funet        12.60%
  76 CESNET        12.33%
  77 Deutsche Telekom AG    12.28%
  78 Indiana University        12.14%
  79 OVH           11.63%
  80 FranTech Solutions    10.98%
  81 Red Academica de Centros de InvestigaciC3n y Universidades Nacionales REACCIUN    10.95%
  82 UniNet       10.48%
  83 Host.MD      10.35%
  84 Belnet       9.73%
  85 Cisco       9.70%
  86 CJSC Progressive Technologies    9.65%
  87 KDDI     8.87%
  88 Academia Sinica Network     8.22%
  89 SARENET  8.01%
  90 DMZGlobal     7.99%
  91 SWITCH     7.86%
  92 Init7     7.70%
  93 MediaCat Div./Community Netowork Center Inc.    7.52%
  94 AMRES - Serbian National Research and Education Network    7.10%
  95 RedIRIS      6.74%
  96 T-Mobile USA      6.49%
  97 Voxel / Internap     6.48%
  98 Defense Research and Engineering Network    6.41%
  99 prgmr.com      6.35%
 100 M1 Limited      6.29%


World IPv6 Launch Measurements, by volume of IPv6:
--------------------------------------------------

   1 Comcast    20.15%
   2 ATT    14.82%
   3 KDDI    8.87%
   4 Free     31.03%
   5 Verizon Wireless     40.40%
   6 Deutsche Telekom AG    12.28%
   7 RCS & RDS          22.01%
   8 Time Warner Cable     4.07%
   9 Liberty Global    2.52%
  10 Telefonica del Peru    5.14%
  11 Swisscom    19.64%
  12 SoftBank BB     1.65%
  13 Hughes Network Systems     27.28%
  14 Chubu Telecommunications     22.76%
  15 Opera Software ASA     25.69%
  16 VOO   25.94%
  17 XS4ALL     18.52%
  18 China Telecom    0.18%
  19 Janet         4.29%
  20 T-Mobile USA    6.49%
  21 Forthnet         3.35%
  22 StarHub        4.81%
  23 University of Minnesota     45.87%
  24 Indiana University        12.14%
  25 CESNET  12.33%
  26 Google Fiber     70.22%
  27 M1 Limited     6.29%
  28 Virginia Tech    61.69%
  29 Internode        4.53%
  30 FCCN        26.96%
  31 EPT Luxembourg     16.72%
  32 Cisco        9.70%
  33 Belnet        9.73%
  34 Louisiana State University     35.74%
  35 RedIRIS   6.74%
  36 UNINETT   24.58%
  37 Leibniz Supercomputing Centre    35.17%
  38 its communications Inc.(iTSCOM)     3.14%
  39 SWITCH     7.86%
  40 NIIF/Hungarnet     14.43%
  41 ARNES     28.98%
  42 MediaCat Div./Community Netowork Center Inc.    7.52%
  43 BelWue     5.87%
  44 LITNET     15.09%
  45 University of Pennsylvania    40.06%
  46 NTT Communications     4.38%
  47 RENATER     4.10%
  48 Kasetsart University     41.31%
  49 University of Iowa     42.90%
  50 TUBITAK ULAKBIM / ULAKNET     1.29%
  51 OVH     11.63%
  52 Tulane University    28.88%
  53 Monash University     19.82%
  54 UNESP  53166     30.15%
  55 AMRES - Serbian National Research and Education Network    7.10%
  56 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute  37.91%
  57 UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Brazil    19.25%
  58 University of Wisconsin - Madison      4.84%
  59 Gustavus Adolphus College 74.17%
  60 Funet       12.60%
  61 GARR       1.25%
  62 Marist College     45.83%
  63 SPAWAR     51.12%
  64 SURFnet     1.36%
  65 SuperCSI     2.71%
  66 Altibox AS     0.70%
  67 AAISP       18.13%
  68 Australian Academic and Research Network (AARNet)    2.32%
  69 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  48.85%
  70 Xfone 018       1.11%
  71 UFSCar       26.36%
  72 Voxel / Internap    6.48%
  73 Solcon         5.12%
  74 UniNet         10.48%
  75 CJSC Progressive Technologies    9.65%
  76 CICA/Junta de AndalucC-a     50.04%
  77 Starlink    1.47%
  78 Hurricane Electric     14.88%
  79 Greek Research & Technology Network     24.94%
  80 Jiri strohalm  51.29%
  81 JARING Communications Sdn Bhd    0.27%
  82 Defense Research and Engineering Network    6.41%
  83 GITN Sdn Berhad  3.11%
  84 Dhiraagu         0.85%
  85 Academia Sinica Network    8.22%
  86 green.ch AG         2.83%
  87 Louisiana Optical Network Initiative    5.04%
  88 LENTEL    23.48%
  89 Fundacao Parque Tecnologico Itaipu - Brasil    79.65%
  90 DegNet GmbH         51.91%
  91 National Informatics Centre    2.19%
  92 guifi.net     38.69%
  93 GlobalConnect     1.54%
  94 The Tertiary Education and Research Network of South Africa (TENET)    1.53%
  95 DMZGlobal      7.99%
  96 Init7      7.70%
  97 SoftLayer Technologies    1.40%
  98 Ponto de PresenC'a da RNP na Bahia    51.75%
  99 Storm Internet    5.40%
 100 inexio KGaA    1.15%

EDU Top Level Domain statistics

Some DNS Top Level Domain (TLD) operators publish statistics about their DNS zones. Some others have a zone file access program that allows others to examine their data and publish statistics. Frederic Cambus (@fcambus on Twitter) maintains a site called statdns ( http://www.statdns.com/ ) that keeps statistics for several of the TLDs.

The EDU top level domain is conspicuously absent from the statdns site because the operators don't publish any statistics and also don't have a zone file access program in place. The EDU domain has a very complicated operational policy arrangement. It is managed by Educause (a higher education IT consortium), but operated by Verisign, under a contract with the United States Department of Commerce. I recently spoke with colleagues at Educause about current prospects for publishing some statistics or making the zone data available. The good news is that a zone file access program request is in fact in the queue to be approved by the Dept of Commerce. But it's stuck behind a few other requests, so it may still take some time to come to fruition.

In the meantime, to satisfy my own curiosity, I've been looking at other ways to obtain some statistics. In particular I'm interested in seeing how much DNSSEC deployment has happened so far, and how EDU compares with some of the other TLDs in this respect. One way to gain visibility into zone contents is to examine passive DNS databases. A number of folks and organizations run such databases that collect historical information seen from DNS responses at collections of resolvers. By searching records over a period of time in these databases, it's possible to reconstruct a substantial portion of the active records in a zone. I did this for EDU and analyzed the results recently.

The passive DNS database search managed to find about 7,158 second level domains under EDU. Of these, 6955 domains turned out to be valid (the others probably existed at one point but don't any more). EDU is known to have in the neighborhood of 7,000 delegations, so this is most probably a pretty good approximation of the active contents of the zone.

EDU Zone Statistics:

Number of Domains from passive DNS db: 7158
Number of Valid Domains: 6955

Total NS records: 19527
Unique NS records: 9757
Number of (glue) IPv4 address records: 4555
Number of (glue) IPv6 address records: 246

DNSSEC Specific Stats for EDU:

Number of DNSSEC Signed Zones: 94 (1.37%)
Number of NSEC3 Zones: 29 (30.1% of the signed zones)
Number of Zones with DS records: 76
Number of Zones with DLV records at dlv.isc.org: 7

As expected, only a very small fraction (1.37%) of domains have deployed DNSSEC. This compares with about 0.25% in .COM, 0.41% in .NET, and 0.30% in .ORG.

The 94 zones in EDU signed with DNSSEC are:

acadiana.edu
baker.edu
beloit.edu
berkeley.edu
bucknell.edu
cameron.edu
carnegiemellon.edu
catc.edu
chattanoogastate.edu
cltc.edu
cmu.edu
coloradomesa.edu
cookman.edu
csupomona.edu
cuhk.edu
desales.edu
drake.edu
example.edu
fhsu.edu
fhtc.edu
gfcmsu.edu
gsu.edu
gtc.edu
hfg.edu
highlands.edu
indiana.edu
indianatech.edu
internet2.edu
iu.edu
iub.edu
iup.edu
iupui.edu
jhuapl.edu
kestrel.edu
kiropraktik.edu
k-state.edu
ksu.edu
kutztown.edu
lctcs.edu
lsu.edu
ltc.edu
ma.edu
mansfield.edu
mcpherson.edu
merit.edu
mesa.edu
millikin.edu
mnsfld.edu
monmouth.edu
monterey.edu
mst.edu
nau.edu
northcentral.edu
northshorecollege.edu
nwltc.edu
okstate.edu
pacificu.edu
penn.edu
pitt.edu
psc.edu
richland.edu
rockefeller.edu
rose-hulman.edu
scl.edu
sdsmt.edu
sfcollege.edu
shoreline.edu
suu.edu
tbu.edu
tiasnimbas.edu
tilburguniversity.edu
tiss.edu
truman.edu
uaa.edu
ualr.edu
ucaid.edu
ucb.edu
ucberkeley.edu
ucdavis.edu
ucr.edu
uiowa.edu
umbc.edu
uni-stuttgart.edu
unt.edu
untsystem.edu
upenn.edu
upf.edu
usnwc.edu
uwm.edu
uwstout.edu
valencia.edu
waketech.edu
washjeff.edu
weber.edu

The 29 zones that use the NSEC3 variety of DNSSEC are:

csupomona.edu
cuhk.edu
gfcmsu.edu
internet2.edu
jhuapl.edu
kestrel.edu
kiropraktik.edu
k-state.edu
ksu.edu
lsu.edu
ma.edu
mansfield.edu
mcpherson.edu
millikin.edu
mnsfld.edu
pitt.edu
richland.edu
rose-hulman.edu
sdsmt.edu
suu.edu
tiasnimbas.edu
tilburguniversity.edu
ualr.edu
ucaid.edu
ucr.edu
uni-stuttgart.edu
unt.edu
untsystem.edu
washjeff.edu

There are 18 zones that do not have DS records published (not sure why):

beloit.edu
cameron.edu
cookman.edu
iup.edu
kiropraktik.edu
kutztown.edu
mansfield.edu
merit.edu
mnsfld.edu
okstate.edu
shoreline.edu
tbu.edu
tiasnimbas.edu
uaa.edu
usnwc.edu
uwm.edu
uwstout.edu
waketech.edu

There are also 7 zones with DLV records published at ISC's DLV registry, but this set is disjoint with the set that doesn't have DS records:

bucknell.edu
internet2.edu
k-state.edu
ksu.edu
ualr.edu
ucaid.edu
ucr.edu

-- Shumon Huque